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Hornby Lighthouse, also known as South Head Lower Light, is an active lighthouse located on the tip of South Head, New South Wales, Australia, a headland to the north of the suburb Watsons Bay. It marks the southern entrance to Port Jackson and Sydney Harbour, as well as lighting the South Reef, a ledge of submerged rocks. It is the third oldest lighthouse in New South Wales. ==History== The need for a lighthouse at the entrance of Jackson Bay was made evident by the loss of two ships. First was the ''Dunbar'', wrecked in August 1857, with the loss of 121 lives. The second was ''Catherine Adamson'', two months later in October 1857, with a loss of twenty-one lives. A committee of the Light, Pilot and Navigation Board took evidence in September 1857 and recommended the construction of a lighthouse on the inner South Head, showing a fixed white light (F.W.), although a red light was also considered. The lighthouse was designed by Alexander Dawson, the New South Wales Government Architect at that time. Dawson approved the recommended location as having adequate foundations, and also reported that the government stores already had a catoptric lens apparatus available that has been purchased in 1853. The tower construction ended in 1858, and it was the third lighthouse built in New South Wales, following Macquarie Lighthouse in 1818 and Nobbys Head Light in 1858. It was opened by Sir William Denison, Governor of New South Wales, and named after the family of his wife Caroline, daughter of Admiral Sir Phipps Hornby, though it was known as the "Lower Light", to distinguish it from Macquarie Lighthouse, the "Upper Light". The original apparatus was a first order catoptric lens, and the light source was a kerosene lamp. Also built with the lighthouse was a sandstone keeper's cottage, also designed by Dawson. A second cottage was constructed in 1860, and two rooms were added to each of the cottages in 1877. The cottages were connected to the city water only in 1897, using stored waters until then. In 1904 the light was upgraded to incandescent gas,〔According to . says it was done in the early 1920s.〕 In 1933 the light was electrified, and the lighthouse was automated and demanned. In 1948 a Chance Brothers catadioptric lens was installed, and the light characteristic was changed to a rhythmic light. Following the automation of the lighthouse in 1933, the lighthouse and cottages fell into disuse. With World War II the shoreline fell under control of the Army, and remained so until 1977, housing serving married personnel. Following classification by the National Trust in 1975, the army transferred the station to the National Parks and Wildlife Service, which restored the cottages and instated caretakers. The light's current characteristic is a white light showing two seconds on, three seconds off (L.Fl.W. 5s),〔''List of Lights''〕 visible for .〔 The current light source is a 12 volt 55 watt quartz halogen lamp. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hornby Lighthouse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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